A Scalable Toolbox for Exposing Indirect Discrimination in Insurance Rates
Published in Casualty Actuarial Society Research Paper Series on Bias and Insurance, 2025
A practical, scalable toolbox for actuaries to detect, quantify, and diagnose potential indirect discrimination in insurance pricing, whether or not the sensitive attribute is used in the rating model. See also the CAS release announcement.
@techreport{Cote/etal:2025toolbox,
author = {Côté, Olivier and Côté, Marie-Pier and Charpentier, Arthur},
title = {A scalable toolbox for exposing indirect discrimination in insurance rates},
institution = {Casualty Actuarial Society},
type = {Research Paper Series on Bias and Insurance},
year = {2026},
url = {https://www.casact.org/sites/default/files/2025-10/_A_Scalable_toolbox_working_paper.pdf}
}Recommended citation: Côté, O., Côté, M.-P., & Charpentier, A. (2026). A scalable toolbox for exposing indirect discrimination in insurance rates. CAS Research Paper Series on Bias and Insurance.
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