A Statistical Perspective on Fairness in Insurance Pricing
Côté, O., Côté, M.-P., & Charpentier, A. (2027). A statistical perspective on fairness in insurance pricing. Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application. In press.
CV
A PDF version is available here.
Education
- Ph.D. in Actuarial Science, Université Laval, 2023 – present
- Thesis on fairness in insurance, in collaboration with one of the largest P&C insurers in Canada
- Supervised by Prof. Marie-Pier Côté (Université Laval) and Prof. Arthur Charpentier (UQAM)
- M.Sc. in Actuarial Science, Université Laval, 2021 – 2023
- B.Sc. in Actuarial Science, Université Laval, 2018 – 2021
Professional designations
- Associate of the Casualty Actuarial Society (ACAS), 2025
Diversity, equity, and inclusion education
- Get Comfortable Being Uncomfortable: Dialogue About Favoritism and Fairness, Canadian Statistical Sciences Institute, 2025
- Let’s talk about race and collective responsibility, Canadian Statistical Sciences Institute, 2024
- Acting as a sentinel for the prevention of suicide, Centre de prévention du suicide du Québec, 2023
- Addressing Conflicts Related to Bias, Privilege, and Identity in the STEM Fields, CANSSI and Academic Impressions, 2022
Publications
Governing Fairness in Insurance Pricing: The Trilemma of Actuarial Adequacy, Solidarity, and Causal Legitimacy
Charpentier, A., Côté, O., & Côté, M.-P. (2026). Governing fairness in insurance pricing: The trilemma of actuarial adequacy, solidarity, and causal legitimacy. Journal of Business Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-026-06479-2
Recoverability of Market-Wide Fair Insurance Premiums under Selection Bias
Côté, M.-P., Côté, O., & Charpentier, A. (2026). Recoverability of market-wide fair insurance premiums under selection bias. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, 129, 103268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.insmatheco.2026.103268
A Scalable Toolbox for Exposing Indirect Discrimination in Insurance Rates
Côté, O., Côté, M.-P., & Charpentier, A. (2026). A scalable toolbox for exposing indirect discrimination in insurance rates. CAS Research Paper Series on Bias and Insurance.
Federated Measurement of Demographic Disparities from Quantile Sketches
Charpentier, A., Fernandes Machado, A., Côté, O., & Hu, F. (2026). Federated measurement of demographic disparities from quantile sketches. arXiv:2602.18870.
A Fair Price to Pay: Exploiting Causal Graphs for Fairness in Insurance
Côté, O., Côté, M.-P., & Charpentier, A. (2025). A fair price to pay: Exploiting causal graphs for fairness in insurance. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 92, 33–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/jori.12503
Experience
- Course Lecturer, Université Laval, 2022 – 2023
- Linear Models in Actuarial Science (Fall 2022, 88 students)
- Statistical Learning in Actuarial Science (Winter 2023, 54 students)
- Awarded the Faculty of Science and Engineering Teaching Star (2022–2023)
- Teaching Assistant, Université Laval, 2019 – 2024
- Statistical Learning in Actuarial Science (5 times), Probabilistic Analysis of Actuarial Risks (3 times), Linear Models in Actuarial Science, internship evaluation
- Actuarial Intern, Desjardins General Insurance Group, 2019 – 2021
- Property ratemaking (2019), business analysis (2020, 2021), and research (2021)
- American Football Coach, Falcons of Cégep de Lévis (collegiate D2), 2019 – present
- Tight ends and fullbacks coach; coaching staff of the year 2023 and 2024
Selected scholarships and awards
- Travel grant, NSERC General Fund ($1,300 CAD), 2026
- Actuarial Research Conference 2026 Travel Grant, American Academy of Actuaries ($1,500 USD), 2026
- Student travel grant, Big Data Research Center ($2,000 CAD), 2026
- NSERC Canada Graduate Research Scholarship – Doctoral ($120,000 CAD), 2025
- Hickman Scholars Program, Society of Actuaries (20,000 USD/year), 2024 – present
- FRQNT Doctoral Training Scholarship ($100,000 CAD), 2024
- MITACS project partnership fund ($84,000 CAD), 2024
- Doctorate attraction grant Florent Toureille, Chaire d’actuariat de l’Université Laval ($30,000 CAD), 2023
- Leadership and Engagement Scholarship, Université Laval ($30,000 CAD), 2023
- Charles Brindamour Graduate Scholarship for Excellence ($10,000 CAD), 2023
- François-Laviolette Scholarship for responsible AI ($7,500 CAD), 2022
- CAS Trust Scholarship, Casualty Actuarial Society (2,500 USD), 2021
- Grant of attraction to the Master’s, Chaire d’actuariat de l’Université Laval ($15,000 CAD), 2021
- NSERC Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarship ($17,500 CAD), 2021
- Lieutenant-Governor’s Medal, Cégep de Lévis, 2018
Talks
Operationalizing Fairness in Actuarial Pricing: From Principle to Practice
Invited webinar at Casualty Actuarial Society (webinar), Online
The Trilemma of Fairness in P&C Pricing
Invited session at 61st Actuarial Research Conference (AAA invited session),
Profiling Actuarial Discrimination via Causal Decomposition
Scientific talk at 29th International Congress on Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
Le trilemme de l’équité en tarification IARD
Industry talk at Association des actuaires en IARD du Québec (AAIARD), Québec, QC, Canada
Profiling Actuarial Discrimination via Causal Decomposition
Invited seminar at STATQAM seminar, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
Profiling Actuarial Discrimination via Causal Decomposition
Scientific talk at Centre de recherche en données massives, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
Profiling Actuarial Discrimination via Causal Decomposition
Poster at Actuarial and Financial Mathematics Conference, Brussels, Belgium
Bias in Assessing Financial Risk: Insights from the 2025 Research Award
Invited panel at American Academy of Actuaries (webinar), Online
A Causal Perspective on Fairness in Insurance Pricing
Invited seminar at Department of Mathematics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
A Scalable Toolbox for Exposing Indirect Discrimination in Insurance Rates
Scientific talk at 1st ASTIN Bulletin Conference, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
Operationalizing Fairness in Actuarial Pricing: From Principle to Practice
Scientific talk at Casualty Actuarial Society Canada Connect Day, Toronto, Canada
Operationalizing Fairness in Actuarial Pricing: From Principle to Practice
Invited seminar at Department of Statistics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Operationalizing Fairness in Actuarial Pricing: From Principle to Practice
Scientific talk at Casualty Actuarial Society Annual Meeting, Austin, TX, United States
A Fair price to pay: Exploiting causal graphs for fairness in insurance
Scientific talk at 60th Actuarial Research Conference (AAA invited panel), Toronto, Canada
A Scalable Toolbox for Exposing Indirect Discrimination in Insurance Rates
Scientific talk at 60th Actuarial Research Conference (CAS invited session), Toronto, Canada
A Scalable Toolbox for Exposing Indirect Discrimination in Insurance Rates
Scientific talk at Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
A Scalable Toolbox for Exposing Indirect Discrimination in Insurance Rates
Scientific talk at Perspectives on Actuarial Risks in Talks of Young Researchers (PARTY), Liverpool, UK
Une boîte à outils pour dévoiler la discrimination indirecte dans les tarifs d’assurance
Scientific talk at Chaire ACTIONS, Paris, France
Une boîte à outils pour dévoiler la discrimination indirecte dans les tarifs d’assurance
Scientific talk at Milliman R&D, Paris, France
Perspective causale sur les discriminations dans les modèles prédictifs en assurance
Scientific talk at Institut intelligence et données, Québec, QC, Canada
A Fair price to pay: Exploiting causal graphs for fairness in insurance
Scientific talk at Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Chicago, IL, United States
A Fair price to pay: exploiting causal graphs for fairness in insurance
Scientific talk at Workshop on fairness and discrimination in insurance, Québec, QC, Canada
Perspective causale sur la discrimination indirecte en assurance générale
Industry talk at Autorité des marchés financiers, Québec, QC, Canada
The Fairness in Insurance Enigma: Exploring the Maze of Regulation
Scientific poster at 7th Ontario-Québec Workshop in Insurance Mathematics, Montréal, QC, Canada
Perspective causale sur la discrimination indirecte en assurance générale
Public outreach at IVADO Digital Future Day 2024, Montréal, QC, Canada
Causal inference and Fairness in Insurance Pricing
Scientific talk at Insurance Data Science Conference, London, UK
Fairness in Insurance : Overview of discrimination-free models
Scientific talk at Quantact SummerDay, Montréal, QC, Canada
Équité en assurance : revue des modèles non discriminatoires
Scientific talk at Workshop on Fairness and Discrimination in Insurance, Québec, QC, Canada
Teaching
Service
- Referee, Journal of Risk and Insurance (2024 – present), Annals of Actuarial Science (2026 – present), and European Actuarial Journal (2026 – present)
- Voting member, Institut intelligence et données committee, Université Laval, 2025 – present
- Voting member, Actuarial Science Graduate Program Committee, Université Laval, 2022 – present
- Student voting member, Big Data Research Center, Université Laval, 2022 – 2025
- Voting member, Actuarial Science Student Investment Fund, Université Laval, 2021 – 2024
Research affiliations
- Institut intelligence et données, Université Laval, 2021 – present
- Big Data Research Center, Université Laval, 2021 – present
- Quantact research laboratory, 2021 – present
- Centre de recherches mathématiques, 2021 – present
Languages
- French (mother tongue), English (advanced), Swedish (beginner, < 1 year)